1. SUBJECT
A. Definition
Subjects tell us who or what
performs the action in a sentence. Without them, sentences aren’t really
sentences; they’re fragments. Subjects are either simple or complete, depending
on whether they do or do not include modifiers.
In English grammar, the subject is
the part of a sentence or clause that commonly indicates (a) what it is about,
or (b) who or what performs the action (that is, the agent).
The subject is typically a noun, a
noun phrase, or a pronoun. The subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we,
they, who, and whoever. In a declarative sentence, the subject usually appears
before the verb.
In an interrogative sentence, the
subject usually follows the first part of a verb. In an imperative sentence,
the subject is commonly said to be.
B. Simple Subject, Complete Subject, and
Compound Subject
The subject of a sentence will be a
noun or a pronoun (including all the modifiers that go with it). For example:
a.
Simple subject
“Sandy
puts a lot of ice in his drink”.
(Sandy is the subject, and puts a
lot of ice in his drink is the predicate. This is an example of a simple
subject. A simple subject is just one word without any modifiers)
“Strawberry cake is my favorite dessert”
(What is my favorite dessert?
Strawberry cake is my favorite dessert. Cake is the simple subject)
“My aunty is visiting us this week”
(Who is visiting us this week? My
aunty is visiting us this week. Aunty is
the simple subject)
b.
Complete Subject
“That
new boy from London reads novels”
(That new boy from London is a complete subject. This is an
example of complete subject. It is the simple subject (boy) plus all modifiers)
“The school dancer is performing tomorrow night”
(Who is performing tomorrow night?
The school dancer is performing tomorrow night. The school dancer is the
complete subject)
“My favorite actor will be arrive in New York today”
(Who will be arrive today? My
favorite actor will arrive in New York today. My favorite actor is the complete
subject)
c. Compound
Subject
“Bella
and Claudya ride a bicycle in their yard”
(Bella and Claudya is a compound
subject. This is an example of compound subject. That just means it is made up
of more than one element)
“Frozen and Moana are movies created by Disney”
(What movies are created by Disney?
Frozen and Moana are movies created by Disney. Frozen and Moana is compound
subject)
“Vanilla and strawberry are my two favorite flavors of ice cream”
(What is the favorite flavors of
ice cream? Vanilla and strawberry are my two favorite flavors of ice cream.
Vanilla and strawberrt is the compound subject)
2. VERB
A. Definition
A verb
is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English. In fact, you
can’t have a sentence or a question without a verb! That’s how important these
“action” parts of speech are. The verb signals an action, an occurence, or a state of being. whether an occurence, or a state of being. whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always express activity.
Physical Verbs
Physical
verbs are action verbs. They describe specific physical actions. If you can
create a
motion with your body or use a tool to complete an action, the word
you use to describe it is
most likely a physical verb. Physical Verb Examples :
a. Let's run to the building and back.
b. I hear the bus coming
c. Call me when you're arrived at home
Mental Verbs
Mental
verbs have meanings that are related to concepts such as discovering,
understanding, thinking, or planning. In general, a mental verb refers to a
cognitive state. Mental Verb Examples:
a.
I know
the answer of that question.
b.
She realized
that she made a mistake.
c.
Do you believe
everything people tell you?
States of Being Verbs
Also
known as linking verbs, state of being verbs describe conditions or situations
that exist. State of being verbs are inactive since no action is being
performed. These verbs are usually complemented by adjectives. States of Being
Verb Examples:
a.
I am a
student.
b.
We are
dancers.
c.
He is a police.
B.
Types of Verbs
How many types of verbs are there?
In addition to the main categories of physical verbs, mental verbs, and state
of being verbs, there are several other types of verbs. In fact, there are more
than ten different types of verbs that are grouped by function.
Action Verbs
Action verbs express specific
actions, and are used any time you want to show action or discuss someone doing
something. For examples :
a. Sony eats meatball
b. Father drinks his coffee
c. Clara reads magazine
Transitive Verbs
Transitive verbs are action verbs
that always express doable activities. These verbs always have direct objects,
meaning someone or something receives the action of the verb. For examples :
a. I baked some cookies
b. she moved the table
c. mother cooked spagheti
Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive verbs are action verbs
that always express doable activities. No direct object follows an intransitive
verb. For examples:
a. Last night we ate steak
b. We will talk tomorrow
c. Boby bought some foods last night
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs are also known as
helping verbs, and are used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense
or to form a question or negative. For examples:
a. Dinda had cleaned before Synthia came
home.
b. Raisa will be going to London next
month
c. Lia has eaten all the cakes
Stative Verbs
Stative verbs can be recognized
because they express a state rather than an action. They typically relate to
thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being, and measurements.
For examples:
a. I believe in God
b. I hate pink skirt
c. This song sounds good
Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs
that are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions,and obligations.
For examples:
a. Children must do their
homework
b. You should stop smoking
c. She can speak six languages
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs aren’t single words;
instead, they are combinations of words that are used together to take on a
different meaning to that of the original verb. For examples:
a. It’s time to get on the plane.
b. Stand up when
speaking in class, please.
c. Take off your
shoes before you walk on the carpet.
Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs are those that
don’t take on the regular spelling patterns of past simple and past participle
verbs. For examples:
a. I want to build a
sand castle like the one we built last year.
b. he bet me that I couldn’t run five miles without
stopping. I proved him wrong; I ran seven miles before I had to catch my breath.
c. I awoke to find that a spider had bitten me. Although the wound didn’t bleed,
it itched terribly.
3.
COMPLEMENT
A.
Definition
Complements
are words that come after linking verbs and modify nouns. The most common noun
complements are adjectives and nouns, but can be many other parts of speech as
well.
omplement
is the term used for a word (or words) which are needed to complete the meaning
of an expression.
Most
phrases and clauses will include a complement of some kind. If you can't remove
it from your sentence, then it's likely to be a complement. This is how
complements differ from adjuncts. Adjuncts are optional as they are usually
just descriptive. Complements are not optional. They are essential to ensure
understanding. For examples :
a. She is beautiful
b. He becomes a doctor
c. They were in a bus
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